UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS
PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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(Mark One)
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period
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Commission File number 0-27275
Akamai Technologies, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
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Delaware |
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04-3432319 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization) |
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.) |
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8 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA |
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02142 |
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
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(Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area
code: (617) 444-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act: Common Stock, $.01 par
value
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not
contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the
registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this
Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated
filer (as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 12b-2). Yes þ No o
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common
stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately
$2,021,134,585 based on the last reported sale price of the
common stock on the Nasdaq National Market on June 30, 2004.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common
stock as of March 11, 2005: 127,225,597 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants definitive proxy statement to
be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission relative to
the registrants 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be
held on May 24, 2005 are incorporated by reference into
Items 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Part III of this
annual report on Form 10-K.
AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
This report contains forward-looking statements
within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform
Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and
uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of
our management based on information currently available to our
management. Use of words such as believes,
expects, anticipates,
intends, plans, estimates,
should, likely or similar expressions,
indicate a forward-looking statement. Certain of the information
contained in this annual report on Form 10-K consists of
forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause
actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth
under the heading Factors Affecting Future Operating
Results.
Overview
Akamai provides services for accelerating and improving the
delivery of content and business processes over the Internet.
Our solutions are designed to help businesses, government
agencies and other enterprises enhance their revenue streams and
reduce costs by maximizing the performance of their online
businesses. By enhancing the performance and reliability of
their websites, our customers can improve visitor experiences
and increase the effectiveness of Web-based campaigns and
operations. Through the Akamai EdgePlatform, the technological
platform of Akamais business solutions, our customers are
able to rely on Akamais infrastructure and reduce expenses
associated with internal infrastructure build-ups.
We began selling our content delivery services in 1999 under the
trade name FreeFlow®. Later that year, we added streaming
media delivery services to our portfolio and introduced traffic
management services that allow customers to monitor traffic
patterns on their websites both on a continual basis and for
specific events. In 2000, we began offering a software solution
that identifies the geographic location and network origin from
which end users access our customers websites, enabling
content providers to customize content without compromising user
privacy. In 2001, we commenced commercial sales of our
EdgeSuite® offering, a suite of services that allows for
high-performance and dynamic delivery of web content. In 2003,
we began offering on a commercial basis our EdgeComputing®
service, which allows for Web-based delivery of applications,
such as store/dealer locators, promotional contests, search
functionalities and user registration, over our network. In
2004, we packaged a number of services and specialized features
to tailor solutions to the needs of specific vertical market
segments such as media and entertainment, software downloads and
online commerce.
We were incorporated in Delaware in 1998 and have our corporate
headquarters at 8 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
02142. Our Internet website address is www.akamai.com. We are
not including the information contained on our website as part
of, or incorporating it by reference into, this annual report on
Form 10-K.
We are registered as a reporting company under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the
Exchange Act. Accordingly, we file or furnish with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission, annual
reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q
and current reports on Form 8-K as required by the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission. We refer to
these reports as Periodic Reports. The public may read and copy
any Periodic Reports or other materials we file with the
Commission at the Commissions Public Reference Room at
450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. Information on
the operation of the Public Reference Room is available by
calling 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the Commission maintains an
Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information
statements and other information regarding issuers, such as
Akamai, that file electronically with the Commission. The
address of this website is http://www.sec.gov.
We make available, free of charge, on or through our Internet
website our Periodic Reports and amendments to those Periodic
Reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we
electronically file them with the Commission. The address of
this website is http://www.akamai.com.
1
Meeting the Challenges of the Internet
The Internet has matured into a key tool for companies, public
sector agencies and other entities to conduct business and reach
the public. The Internet, however, is a complex system of
networks that was not originally created to accommodate the
volume or sophistication of todays business communication
demands. As a result, information is frequently delayed or lost
on its way through the Internet due to many challenges,
including:
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bandwidth constraints between an end user and the end
users network provider, such as an Internet Service
Provider, or ISP, cable provider or digital subscriber line
provider; |
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Internet traffic exceeding the capacity of routing equipment; |
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inefficient or nonfunctioning peering points, or points of
connection, between ISPs; and |
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traffic congestion at data centers. |
In addition to the challenges inherent in the Internet,
companies and other entities face internal technology
challenges. Driven by competition, globalization and
cost-containment strategies, companies need an agile
Internet-facing infrastructure that cost-effectively meets
real-time strategic and business objectives. As public sector
agencies migrate more and more of their processes from
in-person, mail, or phone services to Internet-based
applications, it has become essential that their websites be
more reliable and that they deliver their content and
applications more efficiently to their constituents. At the same
time, budget limitations may preclude public sector agencies
from developing their own infrastructure for Internet-facing
applications. Enterprises of all types are confronted with the
increasingly widespread use of broadband connectivity leading to
more users requesting more different types of rich content. As a
result, there is greater stress on centralized infrastructures.
Akamai meets these challenges in ways that are designed to help
companies and government agencies increase revenues and reduce
costs by improving the performance, reliability, and security of
their internet facing operations.
Superior Performance. Customers seeking to remain
competitive and meet the challenges of globalization look to
Akamais EdgePlatform to reduce or eliminate downtime and
poor performance. Through a combination of people, processes and
technology, Akamai offers solutions designed to achieve
reliability, stability and predictability without the need for
our customers to spend a lot of money to develop their own
Internet-related infrastructure. Instead, we have a presence in
hundreds of networks around the world so that content can be
delivered from Akamai servers located closer to website
visitors from what we call, the edge of the
Internet. We are thus able to reduce the impact of traffic
congestion, bandwidth constraints and capacity limitations. At
the same time, our customers have access to control features to
ensure that the content served to end users is current and is
delivered efficiently without the need for end users to traverse
the Internet to the origin server.
Scalability. Many Akamai customers experience seasonal or
erratic demand for access to their websites. On a larger scale,
almost all websites experience demand peaks at different points
during the day. In both instances, it can be difficult and
expensive to plan for, and deploy solutions against, such peaks
and valleys. The Akamai EdgePlatform has the robustness and
flexibility to handle planned and unplanned peaks without
additional hardware investment and configuration on the part of
our customers. As a result, we are able to provide an on demand
solution to address our customers capacity needs in the
face of unpredictable traffic spikes, which helps them avoid
expensive over-investment in a centralized Internet-facing
infrastructure.
Security. Security may be the most significant challenge
facing use of the Internet for business and government processes
today. Thats because security threats in the
form of attacks, viruses, worms and intrusions can
impact every measure of performance, including speed,
reliability, customer confidence and information security.
Unlike traditional security strategies that can impact
performance negatively, Akamais EdgePlatform is designed
to allow for proactive monitoring and rapid response to security
incidents and anomalies. We rely on both built-in defense
mechanisms and the ability to route traffic around potential
security issues so performance is not compromised.
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The Akamai EdgePlatform
The EdgePlatform is the foundation of Akamais business
solutions. We believe Akamai has deployed the worlds
largest globally distributed computing platform, with more than
15,000 servers in 69 countries. To make this wide-reaching
deployment effective, the EdgePlatform includes specialized
technologies, such as advanced routing, load balancing, data
collection and monitoring. Through a combination of architecture
and services, Akamais EdgePlatform helps our customers
implement their Web strategy quickly, without adding equipment,
cost, or complexity to their existing information technology, or
IT, infrastructure.
The key to the EdgePlatforms effectiveness is its use of a
distributed computing model in which both content and computing
applications are delivered across a system of widely distributed
networks of servers, and processed at the most efficient places
within the network. To implement this model, our servers are
deployed in more than 950 networks including large,
backbone network providers, medium and small ISPs, cable modem
and satellite providers, universities and other networks. We
also deploy our servers at smaller and medium-sized domestic and
international ISPs through our Akamai Accelerated Network
Program. Under this program, we offer use of our servers to
ISPs. In exchange, we typically do not pay for rack space to
house our servers or bandwidth to deliver content from our
servers to Internet users. By hosting our servers, ISPs gain
access to popular content from the Internet that is served from
our platform. As a result, when this content is requested by a
user, the ISP does not need to pay for the bandwidth otherwise
necessary to retrieve the content from the originating website.
We also have more than 500 peering relationships that provide us
with direct paths to end user networks, lowering latency and
packet loss, while also giving us more options for delivery
during network congestion or failures.
Our EdgePlatform components for content and application delivery
are designed so that sites download and run more quickly,
withstand security threats and reliably process applications and
deliver content to anywhere in the world. Our intelligent
routing software is designed to ensure that website visitors
experience fast page loading and content assembly wherever they
are on the Internet, regardless of global or local traffic
conditions. Customers are also able to control the extent of
their use of Akamai services to scale on demand, using as much
or as little capacity of the global platform as is required, to
support widely varying traffic and rapid e-business growth
without expensive and complex infrastructure build-out.
Our Solutions
With the EdgePlatform as our backbone, we offer services and
solutions for content and application delivery, application
performance services, on demand managed services and business
performance management services.
Content and Application Delivery Services
Akamais EdgeSuite service and related content delivery
offerings have represented the core of our business since our
founding. Leveraging the EdgePlatform, our EdgeSuite service is
designed to enable enterprises to improve the end-user
experience, boost reliability and scalability and reduce the
cost of their Internet-related infrastructure. By providing the
benefits of distributed performance to an enterprises
entire website and all aspects of its applications we are able
to provide our customers with a more efficient way to implement
and maintain a global Internet presence. While site owners
maintain a control copy of their applications and content,
EdgeSuite provides global delivery, load balancing and storage
of these applications and content, enabling businesses to focus
valuable resources on strategic matters, rather than technical
infrastructure issues.
Customers of our EdgeSuite service also have access to advanced
service features, such as:
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Secure Content Distribution distribution of
secure Internet-related content using Secure Sockets Layer
transport, a protocol to secure transmittal of content over the
Internet, to ensure that content is distributed privately and
reliably between two communicating applications. |
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Site Failover delivery of default content in
the event that the primary, or source, version of the website of
an enterprise customer becomes unavailable. |
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Site Mirroring an economical way to mirror a
website without the expense of investing in additional data
centers to achieve redundancy. |
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Disaster Recovery a backup web presence if an
unforeseen event causes a website to crash. |
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Site Maintenance fail-over service so that a
website remains available to end users during updates and
maintenance. |
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Net Storage an efficient solution for digital
storage needs for all content types. |
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Global Traffic Management a solution that
allows enterprises with geographically distributed Internet
protocol infrastructures to improve the availability,
responsiveness and reliability of a multi-location website. |
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Content Targeting a feature that enables
content providers to deliver localized content, customized
store-fronts, targeted advertising and adaptive marketing. |
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Streaming Services delivery of streaming
audio and video content to Internet users. |
Application Performance Services
Application performance services improve the performance of
highly dynamic content common on corporate extranets and wide
area networks. Traditionally, this market has been addressed
primarily by hardware and software products. We believe our
approach offers a more cost-effective and comprehensive solution
in this area without customers having to make significant
infrastructure investments.
One example of an Akamai application performance service is our
Web Application Accelerator service. A customer might use this
service to improve the operation of an online reservations
application. By tying such an application to the Akamai
EdgePlatform, a customer can enjoy high levels of performance
through connection and route optimization techniques that
dynamically avoid problem spots on the Internet.
In addition, our FirstPoint solution is designed to provide
application performance improvement for companies with mirrored
websites that require traffic management for multiple
application servers and databases. With the FirstPoint service,
enterprises and organizations with a geographically distributed
Web infrastructure can take advantage of real-time Internet
performance information to distribute incoming requests to an
optimal website.
On Demand Managed Services
Akamais on demand managed services, including Akamai
EdgeComputing and net storage offerings, enable enterprises to
dramatically reduce the need for an internal infrastructure to
handle unpredictable levels of Internet traffic. With access to
the EdgePlatform, customers are able to rapidly launch and
deploy new applications worldwide, with on demand availability
and scalability but on a cost-effective basis. For example,
Akamai On Demand Events provides an on demand platform for
running promotional websites through Macromedia
Flash® promotions, site search, sweepstakes, polls,
regional offers or other innovative applications that create a
positive brand experience.
Akamais EdgeComputing service enables enterprises to
deliver Java (J2EE) Web applications that scale on demand and
perform faster and more reliably worldwide than if relying on
their internal IT infrastructures. At the same time, this
reduces the demands on their own IT infrastructures and
simplifies their support requirements. By enabling
Internet-based applications that improve promotion and sales,
customer service, and vendor and partner management, our
customers are better positioned to compete more effectively and
reduce business costs.
Our Akamai EdgeComputing Powered by IBM WebSphere® solution
enables enterprises to deploy Java-based software applications
over the Akamai network on a pay-as-you-go basis.
Our customers can extend applications built on IBMs
WebSphere Internet infrastructure software to Akamais
distributed network of servers to handle everyday Web
application traffic and spikes in demand. Through Akamais
EdgeComputing services, specific application functions, such as
creating and viewing a personalized portal that provides access
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to information for customers or suppliers, can now be securely
pushed to the edge of our network and executed
closer to the user.
Business Performance Management Services
Akamais offerings in this area include our network data
feeds and our Web analytics offering, which provide customers
with real time data about the performance of their content and
applications over the Internet and on the Edge Platform. In
addition, our business performance management services let
business managers better understand their Web operations through
relevant, timely information with tools that measure all aspects
of an applications performance. For example, a customer
could use website data feeds from Akamais customer portal
to assist in managing costs and budget. The core of these
offerings lies in our
EdgeControlsm
tools, which provide comprehensive reporting and management
capabilities.
EdgeControl tools can be integrated with existing enterprise
management systems, allowing our customers to manage their
distributed content and applications via a common interface.
EdgeControl also provides integration with third party network
management tools, including those offered by IBM,
Hewlett-Packard and BMC Software. Having created one of the
industrys first examples of a commercially proven utility
computing platform, Akamai now provides a global network of
servers that can be utilized by a customer on demand, allowing
our customers to manage usage, troubleshooting, monitoring and
reporting, based on their individual business requirements.
Akamai Industry Solutions
Akamais industry solutions leverage capabilities from all
of our services offerings, but in a way that is specific to a
particular industry:
Akamai Online Commerce is a secure, on demand business
solution that helps retailers more efficiently conduct
e-business transactions by meeting peak performance demands,
thereby delivering a positive customer experience and
facilitating transaction completion while reducing
infrastructure build-out costs.
Akamai Media Delivery is designed to provide a solution
to the challenges of media delivery by helping media industry
clients to bypass traditional server and bandwidth limitations
to better handle peak traffic conditions and large file sizes.
This suite of services is particularly attractive for dynamic,
scalable delivery of music, movies and games.
Akamai Electronic Software Delivery is a solution
designed to leverage the EdgePlatform to provide capacity for
the largest surges in traffic related to new software launches
with a goal of improved customer experiences, increased use of
electronic delivery and successful product launches, all at
lower costs than would be possible through self-provisioning.
Custom Solutions
In addition to our core commercial services, we are able to
leverage the expertise of our technology, networks and support
personnel to provide custom solutions to both commercial and
government customers. These solutions include replicating our
core technologies to facilitate content delivery behind the
firewall, combinations of our technology with that of other
providers to create unique solutions for specific customers and
support for mission critical applications that rely on the
Internet and intranets. Additionally, numerous federal
government agencies look to Akamai for information about traffic
conditions and activity on the Internet and tailored solutions
to their content delivery needs.
Business Segments and Geographic Information
We operate in one business segment: providing services for
accelerating delivery of content and business processes over the
Internet. For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003,
approximately 19% and 16%, respectively, of revenue was derived
from our operations outside the United States, of which 14% and
13% of overall revenues, respectively, was derived from Europe.
For the year ended December 31, 2002, approximately 13% of
revenue was derived from our operations outside the United
States, of which 10% of overall
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revenues was derived from Europe. No single country outside of
the United States accounted for 10% or more of our revenue.
Revenue from services accounted for 98%, 98% and 89% of our
total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003
and 2002, respectively. For more segment and geographic
information, including revenues from customers, see our
consolidated financial statements included in this annual report
on Form 10-K, including Note 19 thereto.
Customers
Our customer base is centered on enterprises. As of
December 31, 2004, our customers included many of the
worlds leading corporations, including Airbus, Apple
Computer, Inc., Best Buy.com, Inc. FedEx Corporation,
LOreal, Microsoft Corporation, MTV Networks, Sony Ericsson
Mobile Communications and Victorias Secret. We also
actively sell to government agencies. As of December 31,
2004, our public sector customers included U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Department of
Defense, U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration, U.S. Army Recruitment, the
U.S. Geological Surveys Earthquake Hazards Program
and the Voice of America. For the years ended December 31,
2004 and 2003, Microsoft Corporation accounted for 10% and 15%
of total revenue, respectively. No customer accounted for 10% or
more of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2002.
Sales, Service and Marketing
Our sales and service professionals are located in nine offices
in the United States with additional locations in Europe and
Asia. We market and sell our services and solutions domestically
and internationally through our direct sales and services
organization and through more than 40 active resellers including
Electronic Data Systems Corporation, IBM, InterNap Network
Services Corporation, MCI and Telefonica Group. In addition to
entering into agreements with reseller partners, we have several
other types of sales- and marketing-focused alliances, with
entities such as system integrators, application service
providers, sales agents and referral partners. By aligning with
these companies, we are better able to market our services and
encourage increased adoption of our technology throughout the
industry.
Our sales and service organization includes employees in direct
and channel sales, professional services, account management and
technical consulting. As of December 31, 2004, we had
approximately 265 employees in our sales and support
organization, including 86 direct sales representatives whose
performance is measured on the basis of achievement of quota
objectives. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth in
the future will depend in large part on whether we successfully
recruit, train and retain sufficient direct sales, technical and
global services personnel, and how well we establish and
maintain relationships with our strategic partners. We believe
that the complexity of our services will continue to require a
number of highly trained global sales and services personnel.
To support our sales efforts and promote the Akamai brand, we
conduct comprehensive marketing programs. Our marketing
strategies include an active public relations campaign, print
advertisements, on-line advertisements, trade shows, strategic
partnerships and on-going customer communication programs. As of
December 31, 2004, we had 29 employees in our global
marketing organization.
Research and Development
Our research and development organization is continuously
enhancing and improving our existing services, strengthening our
network and creating new services in response to our
customers needs and market demand. As of December 31,
2004, we had approximately 164 employees in our research and
development organization, many of whom hold advanced degrees in
their field. Our research and development expenses were
$12.1 million, $13.0 million and $21.8 million
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively. In addition, for each of the years ended
December 31, 2004 and 2003, we capitalized
$7.5 million, net of impairments, of external consulting
and payroll and payroll-related costs related to the development
of internal-use software used to deliver our services and
operate our network. For the year ended December 31, 2002,
$6.0 million was capitalized.
6
Competition
The market for our services remains relatively new, intensely
competitive and characterized by rapidly changing technology,
evolving industry standards and frequent new product and service
installations. We expect competition for our services to
increase both from existing competitors and new market entrants.
We compete primarily on the basis of:
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performance of services and software; |
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return on investment in terms of cost savings and new revenue
opportunities for our customers; |
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reduced infrastructure complexity; |
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scalability; |
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ease of implementation and use of service; |
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customer support; and |
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price. |
We compete primarily with companies offering products and
services that address Internet performance problems, including
companies that provide Internet content delivery and hosting
services, streaming content delivery services and
equipment-based solutions to Internet performance problems, such
as load balancers and server switches. Some of these companies
resell our services. We also compete with companies that host
online conferences using proprietary conferencing applications.
Finally, potential customers may decide to purchase or develop
their own hardware, software and other technology solutions
rather than rely on an external provider like Akamai.
Proprietary Rights and Licensing
Our success and ability to compete are dependent on our ability
to develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our
technology and operate without infringing on the proprietary
rights of others. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark,
trade secret and copyright laws and contractual restrictions to
protect the proprietary aspects of our technology. We currently
have numerous issued United States patents covering our content
delivery technology, and we have numerous additional patent
applications pending. Our issued patents extend to various dates
between approximately 2015 and 2020. In October 1998, we entered
into a license agreement with the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, or MIT, under which we were granted a royalty-free,
worldwide right to use and sublicense the intellectual property
rights of MIT under various patent applications and copyrights
relating to Internet content delivery technology. Two of these
patent applications have now been issued. These patents will
expire in 2018. We seek to limit disclosure of our intellectual
property by requiring employees and consultants with access to
our proprietary information to execute confidentiality
agreements with us and by restricting access to our source code.
Employees
As of December 31, 2004, we had a total of
605 full-time and part-time employees. Our future success
will depend in part on our ability to attract, retain and
motivate highly qualified technical and management personnel for
whom competition is intense. Our employees are not represented
by any collective bargaining unit. We believe our relations with
our employees are good.
Factors Affecting Future Operating Results
The following are certain of the important factors that could
cause our actual operating results to differ materially from
those indicated or suggested by forward-looking statements made
in this annual report on Form 10-K or presented elsewhere
by management from time to time.
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The markets in which we operate are highly competitive,
and we may be unable to compete successfully against new
entrants and established companies with greater
resources. |
We compete in markets that are new, intensely competitive,
highly fragmented and rapidly changing. We have experienced and
expect to continue to experience increased competition. Many of
our current competitors, as well as a number of our potential
competitors, have longer operating histories, greater name
recognition, broader customer relationships and industry
alliances and substantially greater financial, technical and
marketing resources than we do. Other competitors may attract
customers by offering services that may be perceived as less
sophisticated versions of our services at lower prices than
those we charge. Our competitors may be able to respond more
quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes
in customer requirements. Some of our current or potential
competitors may bundle their services with other services,
software or hardware in a manner that may discourage website
owners from purchasing any service we offer or Internet service
providers from installing our servers. In addition, potential
customers may decide to purchase or develop their own hardware,
software and other technology solutions rather than rely on an
external provider like Akamai. Increased competition could
result in price and revenue reductions, loss of customers and
loss of market share, which could materially and adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
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If the prices we charge for our services decline over
time, our business and financial results are likely to
suffer. |
Prices we have been charging for some of our services have
declined in recent years. We expect that this decline may
continue in the future as a result of, among other things,
existing and new competition in the markets we serve.
Consequently, our historical revenue rates may not be indicative
of future revenues based on comparable traffic volumes. If we
are unable to sell our services at acceptable prices relative to
our costs or if we are unsuccessful with our strategy of selling
additional services and features to our existing EdgeSuite
delivery customers, our revenues and gross margins will
decrease, and our business and financial results will suffer.
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Failure to increase our revenues and keep our expenses
consistent with revenues could prevent us from maintaining
profitability. |
The year ended December 31, 2004 was the first fiscal year
during which we achieved profitability as measured in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America. We have large fixed expenses, and we expect
to continue to incur significant bandwidth, sales and marketing,
product development, administrative, interest and other
expenses. Therefore, we will need to generate higher revenues to
maintain profitability. There are numerous factors that could,
alone or in combination with other factors, impede our ability
to increase revenues and/or moderate expenses, including:
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failure to increase sales of our EdgeSuite and EdgeComputing
services; |
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significant increases in bandwidth costs or other operating
expenses; |
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inability to maintain our prices; |
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failure to expand the market acceptance for our services due to
continuing concerns about commercial use of the Internet,
including security, reliability, speed, cost, ease of access,
quality of service and regulatory initiatives; |
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any failure of our current and planned services and software to
operate as expected; |
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a failure by us to respond rapidly to technological changes in
our industry that could cause our services to become obsolete; |
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unauthorized use or access to content delivered over our network
or network failures; |
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continued adverse economic conditions worldwide that have
contributed to slowdowns in capital expenditures by businesses,
particularly capital spending in the information technology
market; |
8
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failure of a significant number of customers to pay our fees on
a timely basis or at all or failure to continue to purchase our
services in accordance with their contractual
commitments; and |
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inability to attract high-quality customers to purchase and
implement our current and planned services and software. |
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If we are unable to develop new services and enhancements
to existing services, and if we fail to predict and respond to
emerging technological trends and customers changing
needs, our operating results may suffer. |
The market for our services is characterized by rapidly changing
technology, evolving industry standards and new product and
service introductions. Our operating results depend on our
ability to develop and introduce new services into existing and
emerging markets. The process of developing new technology is
complex and uncertain, and if we fail to accurately predict
customers changing needs and emerging technological
trends, our business could be harmed. We must commit significant
resources to developing new services or enhancements to our
existing services before knowing whether our investments will
result in services the market will accept. In addition, in an
effort to control expenses, our spending on research and
development decreased over the past three years. Furthermore, we
may not execute successfully our technology initiatives because
of errors in planning or timing, technical hurdles that we fail
to overcome in a timely fashion, or a lack of appropriate
resources. Failures in execution or market acceptance of new
services we introduce could result in competitors providing
those solutions before we do and loss of market share, revenues
and earnings.
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Our substantial leverage may impair our ability to
maintain and grow operations, and any failure to meet our
repayment obligations would damage our business. |
We have long-term debt. As of December 31, 2004, our total
long-term debt was approximately $256.6 million, of which
$56.6 million is due on June 30, 2007, and our
stockholders deficit was approximately
$125.9 million. Our level of indebtedness could adversely
affect our future operations by increasing our vulnerability to
adverse changes in general economic and industry conditions and
by limiting or prohibiting our ability to obtain additional
financing for future capital expenditures, acquisitions and
general corporate and other purposes. In addition, if we are
unable to make interest or principal payments when due, we would
be in default under the terms of our loans, which would result
in all principal and interest becoming due and payable which, in
turn, would seriously harm our business.
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Any unplanned interruption in our network or services
could lead to significant costs and disruptions that could
reduce our revenues and harm our business, financial results and
reputation. |
Our business is dependent on providing our customers with fast,
efficient and reliable distribution of application and content
delivery services over the Internet. For our core services, we
currently provide a standard guarantee that our networks will
deliver Internet content 24 hours a day, seven days a week,
365 days a year. If we do not meet this standard, our
customer does not pay for all or a part of its services on that
day. Our network or services could be disrupted by numerous
events, including natural disasters, failure or refusal of our
third-party network providers to provide the necessary capacity,
power losses, and intentional disruptions of our services, such
as disruptions caused by software viruses or attacks by
unauthorized users. For example, approximately four percent of
our customers experienced a brief delay in delivery of services
on June 15, 2004 as a result of a denial of service
resulting from an attack by hackers on our network. We believe
this attack targeted several well-known websites that are
customers of Akamai. Although we have taken steps to enhance our
ability to prevent the recurrence of such an incident, there can
be no assurance that similar attacks will not be attempted in
the future, that our enhanced security measures will be
effective or that a successful attack would not be more
damaging. Any widespread loss or interruption of our network or
services would reduce our revenues and could harm our business,
financial results and reputation.
9
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We may have insufficient transmission capacity, which
could result in interruptions in our services and loss of
revenues. |
Our operations are dependent in part upon transmission capacity
provided by third-party telecommunications network providers. We
believe that we have access to adequate capacity to provide our
services; however, there can be no assurance that we are
adequately prepared for unexpected increases in bandwidth
demands by our customers. In addition, the bandwidth we have
contracted to purchase may become unavailable for a variety of
reasons. For example, a number of these network providers are
operating under the protection of the federal bankruptcy laws.
As a result, there is uncertainty about whether such providers,
or others that enter into bankruptcy, will be able to continue
to provide services to us. Any failure of these network
providers to provide the capacity we require, due to financial
or other reasons, may result in a reduction in, or interruption
of, service to our customers. If we do not have access to
third-party transmission capacity, we could lose customers. If
we are unable to obtain transmission capacity on terms
commercially acceptable to us or at all, our business and
financial results could suffer. In addition, our
telecommunications and network providers typically provide rack
space for our servers. Damage or destruction of, or other denial
of access to, a facility where our servers are housed could
result in a reduction in, or interruption of, service to our
customers.
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Because our services are complex and are deployed in
complex environments, they may have errors or defects that could
seriously harm our business. |
Our services are highly complex and are designed to be deployed
in and across numerous large and complex networks. From time to
time, we have needed to correct errors and defects in our
software. In the future, there may be additional errors and
defects in our software that may adversely affect our services.
We may not have in place adequate quality assurance procedures
to ensure that we detect errors in our software in a timely
manner. If we are unable to efficiently fix errors or other
problems that may be identified, or if there are unidentified
errors that allow persons to improperly access our services, we
could experience loss of revenues and market share, damage to
our reputation, increased expenses and legal actions by our
customers.
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Our proposed acquisition of Speedera Networks, Inc. may
fail to close or there could be substantial delays before the
merger is completed. |
On March 16, 2005, we entered into an agreement and plan of
merger providing for our acquisition of Speedera, Networks,
Inc., or Speedera, in exchange for the issuance of approximately
12 million shares of our common stock. Closing of the
merger is subject to regulatory approval, as well as the
approval of Speederas stockholders. The process of
obtaining such approval could be expensive and time-consuming.
If we are unable to obtain, or are significantly delayed in
obtaining, such approvals or are otherwise unable to complete
the merger, we would have devoted substantial resources and
management attention without any accompanying benefit. In such
an event, our financial condition and results of operations
could be materially adversely affected.
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As part of our business strategy, we have entered into and
may enter into or seek to enter into business combinations and
acquisitions that may be difficult to integrate, disrupt our
business, dilute stockholder value or divert management
attention. |
We have made acquisitions of other companies in the past and may
enter into business combinations and acquisitions in addition to
the proposed Speedera acquisition in the future. Acquisitions
are typically accompanied by a number of risks, including the
difficulty of integrating the operations and personnel of the
acquired companies, the potential disruption of our ongoing
business, the potential distraction of management, expenses
related to the acquisition and potential unknown liabilities
associated with acquired businesses. We face all of these risks
in connection with the proposed Speedera acquisition. If we are
not successful in completing acquisitions that we may pursue in
the future, we may be required to reevaluate our business
strategy, and we may incur substantial expenses and devote
significant management time and resources without a productive
result. In addition, with future acquisitions, we could use
substantial portions of our available cash or, as in the
proposed Speedera merger transaction, make dilutive issuances of
securities. Future acquisitions or attempted acquisitions could
also have an adverse effect on our ability to remain profitable.
10
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If the estimates we make, and the assumptions on which we
rely, in preparing our financial statements prove inaccurate,
our actual results may be adversely affected. |
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America. The preparation of these financial statements requires
us to make estimates and judgments about, among other things,
taxes, revenue recognition, capitalization of internal-use
software, contingent obligations, doubtful accounts and
restructuring charges, among other things. These estimates and
judgments affect the reported amounts of our assets,
liabilities, revenues and expenses, the amounts of charges
accrued by us, such as those made in connection with our
restructuring charges, and related disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical
experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to
be reasonable under the circumstances. If our estimates or the
assumptions underlying them are not correct, we may need to
accrue additional charges that could adversely affect our
results of operations, which in turn could adversely affect our
stock price.
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If our license agreement with MIT terminates, our business
could be adversely affected. |
We have licensed technology from MIT covered by various patents,
patent applications and copyrights relating to Internet content
delivery technology. Some of our core technology is based in
part on the technology covered by these patents, patent
applications and copyrights. Our license is effective for the
life of the patents and patent applications; however, under
limited circumstances, such as a cessation of our operations due
to our insolvency or our material breach of the terms of the
license agreement, MIT has the right to terminate our license. A
termination of our license agreement with MIT could have a
material adverse effect on our business.
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We have incurred and could continue to incur substantial
costs defending our intellectual property from infringement
claims. |
Other companies or individuals, including our competitors, may
obtain patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent,
limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our
services. Companies providing Internet-related products and
services are increasingly bringing suits alleging infringement
of their proprietary rights, particularly patent rights. We have
been named as a defendant in several lawsuits alleging that we
have violated other companies intellectual property
rights. Any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could
result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and
require us to do one or more of the following:
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cease selling, incorporating or using products or services that
incorporate the challenged intellectual property; |
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pay substantial damages; |
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obtain a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual
property right, which license may not be available on reasonable
terms or at all; and |
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redesign products or services. |
If we are forced to take any of these actions, our business may
be seriously harmed. In the event of a successful claim of
infringement against us and our failure or inability to obtain a
license to the infringed technology, our business and operating
results could be materially adversely affected.
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Our business will be adversely affected if we are unable
to protect our intellectual property rights from third-party
challenges. |
We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and
trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our
intellectual property rights. We have brought numerous lawsuits
against entities that we believe are infringing on our
intellectual property rights. These legal protections afford
only limited protection. Monitoring unauthorized use of our
services is difficult and we cannot be certain that the steps we
have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology,
particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect
our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.
Although we have licensed from other parties proprietary
technology covered by patents, we cannot be certain that any
such patents will not be
11
challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Furthermore, we cannot
be certain that any pending or future patent applications will
be granted, that any future patent will not be challenged,
invalidated or circumvented, or that rights granted under any
patent that may be issued will provide competitive advantages to
us.
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If we are unable to retain our key employees and hire
qualified sales and technical personnel, our ability to compete
could be harmed. |
Our future success depends upon the continued services of our
executive officers and other key technology, sales, marketing
and support personnel who have critical industry experience and
relationships that they rely on in implementing our business
plan. None of our officers or key employees is bound by an
employment agreement for any specific term. We have a key
person life insurance policy covering only the life of F.
Thomson Leighton, our Chief Scientist and a member of our Board
of Directors. The loss of the services of any of our key
employees could delay the development and introduction of and
negatively impact our ability to sell our services.
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We face risks associated with international operations
that could harm our business. |
We have operations in several foreign countries and may continue
to expand our sales and support organizations internationally.
Such expansion could require us to make significant
expenditures. We are increasingly subject to a number of risks
associated with international business activities that may
increase our costs, lengthen our sales cycle and require
significant management attention. These risks include:
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lack of market acceptance of our software and services abroad; |
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increased expenses associated with marketing services in foreign
countries; |
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general economic conditions in international markets; |
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currency exchange rate fluctuations; |
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unexpected changes in regulatory requirements resulting in
unanticipated costs and delays; |
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interpretations of laws or regulations that would subject us to
regulatory supervision or, in the alternative, require us to
exit a country which could have a negative impact on the quality
of our services or our results of operations; |
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tariffs, export controls and other trade barriers; |
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longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in
collecting accounts receivable; and |
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potentially adverse tax consequences. |
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If we are required to seek additional funding, such
funding may not be available on acceptable terms or at
all. |
If our revenues decrease or grow more slowly than we anticipate
or if our operating expenses increase more than we expect or
cannot be reduced in the event of lower revenues, we may need to
obtain funding from outside sources. If we are unable to obtain
this funding, our business would be materially and adversely
affected. In addition, even if we were to find outside funding
sources, we might be required to issue securities with greater
rights than the securities we have outstanding today. We might
also be required to take other actions that could lessen the
value of our common stock, including borrowing money on terms
that are not favorable to us, if at all.
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Internet-related and other laws could adversely affect our
business. |
Laws and regulations that apply to communications and commerce
over the Internet are becoming more prevalent. In particular,
the growth and development of the market for online commerce has
prompted calls for more stringent tax, consumer protection and
privacy laws, both in the United States and abroad, that may
impose additional burdens on companies conducting business
online. This could negatively affect the businesses of our
customers and reduce their demand for our services. Tax laws
that might apply to our
12
servers, which are located in many different jurisdictions,
could require us to pay additional taxes that would adversely
affect our continued profitability. Internet-related laws,
however, remain largely unsettled, even in areas where there has
been some legislative action. The adoption or modification of
laws or regulations relating to the Internet or our operations,
or interpretations of existing law, could adversely affect our
business.
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Provisions of our charter documents, our stockholder
rights plan and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that
could prevent a change in control even if the change in control
would be beneficial to our stockholders. |
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation, by-laws and Delaware law could make it more
difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so
would be beneficial to our stockholders. In addition, our Board
of Directors has adopted a shareholder rights plan the
provisions of which could make it more difficult for a potential
acquirer of Akamai to consummate an acquisition transaction
without the approval of our Board of Directors.
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A class action lawsuit has been filed against us that may
be costly to defend and the outcome of which is uncertain and
may harm our business. |
We are named as a defendant in a purported class action lawsuit
filed in 2001 alleging that the underwriters of our initial
public offering received undisclosed compensation in connection
with our initial public offering of common stock in violation of
the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act. Any conclusion
of these matters in a manner adverse to us could have a material
adverse affect on our financial position and results of
operations.
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We may become involved in other litigation that may
adversely affect us. |
In the ordinary course of business, we may become involved in
litigation, administrative proceedings and governmental
proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert
managements attention and resources and cause us to incur
significant expenses. Furthermore, there can be no assurance
that the results of any of these actions will not have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations
or financial condition.
Our headquarters are located in approximately 89,000 square
feet of leased office space in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Our
primary west coast office is located in approximately
25,000 square feet of leased office space in
San Mateo, California. We maintain offices in several other
locations in the United States, including in or near each of Los
Angeles, California; Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; New
York, New York; Dallas, Texas; Reston, Virginia and Seattle,
Washington. We also maintain offices in Europe and Asia in or
near the following cities: Munich, Germany; Paris, France;
London, England; Tokyo, Japan; Singapore; Madrid, Spain; and
Sydney, Australia. All of our facilities are leased. We believe
our facilities are sufficient to meet our needs for the
foreseeable future and, if needed, additional space will be
available at a reasonable cost.
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| Item 3. |
Legal Proceedings |
We are subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation
arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not expect the
ultimate costs to resolve these matters to have a material
adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results
of operations or cash flows.
Between July 2, 2001 and November 7, 2001, purported
class action lawsuits seeking monetary damages were filed in the
United States District Court for the Southern District of New
York against us as well as against the underwriters of our
October 28, 1999 initial public offering of common stock.
The complaints were filed allegedly on behalf of persons who
purchased our common stock during different time periods, all
beginning on October 28, 1999 and ending on various dates.
The complaints are similar and allege violations of the
Securities Act of 1933 and the Exchange Act primarily based on
the allegation that the underwriters received undisclosed
compensation in connection with our initial public offering. On
April 19, 2002, a single
13
consolidated amended complaint was filed, reiterating in one
pleading the allegations contained in the previously filed
separate actions. The consolidated amended complaint defines the
alleged class period as October 28, 1999 through
December 6, 2000. A Special Litigation Committee of
Akamais Board of Directors authorized management to
negotiate a settlement of the pending claims substantially
consistent with a Memorandum of Understanding that was
negotiated among class plaintiffs, all issuer defendants and
their insurers. The parties negotiated a settlement which is
subject to approval by the Court. On February 15, 2005, the
Court issued an Opinion and Order preliminarily approving the
settlement, provided that the defendants and plaintiffs agree to
a modification narrowing the scope of the bar order set forth in
the original settlement agreement. We believe that we have
meritorious defenses to the claims made in the complaint and, if
the settlement is not finalized and approved, we intend to
contest the lawsuit vigorously. An adverse resolution of the
action could have a material adverse effect on our financial
condition and results of operations in the period in which the
lawsuit is resolved. We are not presently able to estimate
potential losses, if any, related to this lawsuit.
In February 2002, we filed suit against Speedera Networks, Inc.,
or Speedera, in federal court in Massachusetts, alleging patent
infringement and false advertising by Speedera. In April 2003,
we amended our complaint to include an allegation that Speedera
infringes a newly-issued content delivery patent held by MIT and
licensed to Akamai. In response, Speedera filed a counterclaim
in this case alleging that Akamai has infringed a Speedera
patent relating to the combined provision of traffic management
and content delivery services. In June 2004, Speedera amended
its counterclaim to include a second patent covering a similar
service it offers. We are not presently able to reasonably
estimate potential losses, if any, related to this counterclaim.
We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims made
in the counterclaim and intend to contest them vigorously;
however, there can be no assurance that we will be successful.
We are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential
losses, if any, related to this counterclaim.
In June 2002, we filed suit against Speedera in California
Superior Court alleging theft of Akamai trade secrets from an
independent company that provides website performance testing
services. In connection with this suit, in September 2002, the
Court issued a preliminary injunction to restrain Speedera from
continuing to access our confidential information from the
independent companys database and from using any data
obtained from such access. In October 2002, Speedera filed a
cross-claim against us seeking monetary damages and injunctive
relief and alleging that we engaged in various unfair trade
practices, made false and misleading statements and engaged in
unfair competition. A trial date has been set for April 18,
2005. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims
made in Speederas cross-claim and intend to contest the
allegations vigorously; however, there can be no assurance that
we will be successful. We are not presently able to reasonably
estimate potential losses, if any, related to this cross-claim.
In November 2002, we filed suit against Speedera in federal
court in Massachusetts for infringement of a patent held by
Akamai. In January 2003, Speedera filed a counterclaim in this
case alleging that Akamai has infringed a patent held by
Speedera. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the
claims made in the counterclaim and intend to contest them
vigorously; however, there can be no assurance that we will be
successful. We are not presently able to reasonably estimate
potential losses, if any, related to this counterclaim.
On March 16, 2005, we entered into an agreement and plan of
merger providing for our acquisition of Speedera. Under the
terms of the agreement, all litigation between Akamai and
Speedera was immediately stayed. Upon the closing of the merger,
all such lawsuits would be dismissed.
14
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| Item 4. |
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
None.
PART II
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| Item 5. |
Market For Registrants Common Equity and Related
Stockholder Matters |
Our common stock trades under the symbol AKAM. From
the time that public trading of our common stock commenced on
October 29, 1999 until September 3, 2002 and since
May 5, 2003, our common stock was listed on The NASDAQ
National Market. Our common stock was listed on The NASDAQ
SmallCap Market between September 3, 2002 and May 2,
2003. Prior to October 29, 1999, there was no public market
for our common stock. The following table sets forth, for the
periods indicated, the high and low sale price per share of the
common stock on The NASDAQ National Market and The NASDAQ
SmallCap Market, as applicable:
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Low | |
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Year Ended December 31, 2003:
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First Quarter
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$ |
1.96 |
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$ |
1.18 |
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Second Quarter
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$ |
5.93 |
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$ |
1.36 |
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Third Quarter
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$ |
5.90 |
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$ |
3.22 |
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Fourth Quarter
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$ |
14.20 |
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$ |
3.39 |
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Year Ended December 31, 2004:
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First Quarter
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$ |
16.97 |
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$ |
10.74 |
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Second Quarter
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$ |
18.47 |
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$ |
11.65 |
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Third Quarter
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$ |
17.95 |
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$ |
11.90 |
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Fourth Quarter
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$ |
16.50 |
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$ |
11.15 |
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As of March 5, 2005, there were 547 holders of record of
our common stock.
We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on shares of
our common stock or other securities and do not anticipate
paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We
currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, for use
in the operation of our business.