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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
Form 10-K
FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS
PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
(Mark One)
   
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
 
or
 
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
    For the transition period from           to 
Commission File number 0-27275
Akamai Technologies, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
     
Delaware   04-3432319
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
8 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA   02142
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:     (617) 444-3000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:     Common Stock, $.01 par value
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     o
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).     Yes þ          No o
      The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $2,021,134,585 based on the last reported sale price of the common stock on the Nasdaq National Market on June 30, 2004.
      The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of March 11, 2005: 127,225,597 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
      Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission relative to the registrant’s 2005 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 24, 2005 are incorporated by reference into Items 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Part III of this annual report on Form 10-K.
 
 


AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
               
 PART I
        1  
        13  
        13  
        15  
 PART II
        15  
        15  
        17  
        32  
        33  
        73  
        73  
        74  
 PART III
        75  
        76  
        76  
        76  
        76  
 PART IV
        77  
 Signatures     78  

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PART I
Item 1. Business
      This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to our management. Use of words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “should,” “likely” or similar expressions, indicate a forward-looking statement. Certain of the information contained in this annual report on Form 10-K consists of forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth under the heading “Factors Affecting Future Operating Results.”
Overview
      Akamai provides services for accelerating and improving the delivery of content and business processes over the Internet. Our solutions are designed to help businesses, government agencies and other enterprises enhance their revenue streams and reduce costs by maximizing the performance of their online businesses. By enhancing the performance and reliability of their websites, our customers can improve visitor experiences and increase the effectiveness of Web-based campaigns and operations. Through the Akamai EdgePlatform, the technological platform of Akamai’s business solutions, our customers are able to rely on Akamai’s infrastructure and reduce expenses associated with internal infrastructure build-ups.
      We began selling our content delivery services in 1999 under the trade name FreeFlow®. Later that year, we added streaming media delivery services to our portfolio and introduced traffic management services that allow customers to monitor traffic patterns on their websites both on a continual basis and for specific events. In 2000, we began offering a software solution that identifies the geographic location and network origin from which end users access our customers’ websites, enabling content providers to customize content without compromising user privacy. In 2001, we commenced commercial sales of our EdgeSuite® offering, a suite of services that allows for high-performance and dynamic delivery of web content. In 2003, we began offering on a commercial basis our EdgeComputing® service, which allows for Web-based delivery of applications, such as store/dealer locators, promotional contests, search functionalities and user registration, over our network. In 2004, we packaged a number of services and specialized features to tailor solutions to the needs of specific vertical market segments such as media and entertainment, software downloads and online commerce.
      We were incorporated in Delaware in 1998 and have our corporate headquarters at 8 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142. Our Internet website address is www.akamai.com. We are not including the information contained on our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this annual report on Form 10-K.
      We are registered as a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act. Accordingly, we file or furnish with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the Commission, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K as required by the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission. We refer to these reports as Periodic Reports. The public may read and copy any Periodic Reports or other materials we file with the Commission at the Commission’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room is available by calling 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the Commission maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers, such as Akamai, that file electronically with the Commission. The address of this website is http://www.sec.gov.
      We make available, free of charge, on or through our Internet website our Periodic Reports and amendments to those Periodic Reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with the Commission. The address of this website is http://www.akamai.com.

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Meeting the Challenges of the Internet
      The Internet has matured into a key tool for companies, public sector agencies and other entities to conduct business and reach the public. The Internet, however, is a complex system of networks that was not originally created to accommodate the volume or sophistication of today’s business communication demands. As a result, information is frequently delayed or lost on its way through the Internet due to many challenges, including:
  •  bandwidth constraints between an end user and the end user’s network provider, such as an Internet Service Provider, or ISP, cable provider or digital subscriber line provider;
 
  •  Internet traffic exceeding the capacity of routing equipment;
 
  •  inefficient or nonfunctioning peering points, or points of connection, between ISPs; and
 
  •  traffic congestion at data centers.
      In addition to the challenges inherent in the Internet, companies and other entities face internal technology challenges. Driven by competition, globalization and cost-containment strategies, companies need an agile Internet-facing infrastructure that cost-effectively meets real-time strategic and business objectives. As public sector agencies migrate more and more of their processes from in-person, mail, or phone services to Internet-based applications, it has become essential that their websites be more reliable and that they deliver their content and applications more efficiently to their constituents. At the same time, budget limitations may preclude public sector agencies from developing their own infrastructure for Internet-facing applications. Enterprises of all types are confronted with the increasingly widespread use of broadband connectivity leading to more users requesting more different types of rich content. As a result, there is greater stress on centralized infrastructures.
      Akamai meets these challenges in ways that are designed to help companies and government agencies increase revenues and reduce costs by improving the performance, reliability, and security of their internet facing operations.
      Superior Performance. Customers seeking to remain competitive and meet the challenges of globalization look to Akamai’s EdgePlatform to reduce or eliminate downtime and poor performance. Through a combination of people, processes and technology, Akamai offers solutions designed to achieve reliability, stability and predictability without the need for our customers to spend a lot of money to develop their own Internet-related infrastructure. Instead, we have a presence in hundreds of networks around the world so that content can be delivered from Akamai servers located closer to website visitors — from what we call, the edge of the Internet. We are thus able to reduce the impact of traffic congestion, bandwidth constraints and capacity limitations. At the same time, our customers have access to control features to ensure that the content served to end users is current and is delivered efficiently without the need for end users to traverse the Internet to the origin server.
      Scalability. Many Akamai customers experience seasonal or erratic demand for access to their websites. On a larger scale, almost all websites experience demand peaks at different points during the day. In both instances, it can be difficult and expensive to plan for, and deploy solutions against, such peaks and valleys. The Akamai EdgePlatform has the robustness and flexibility to handle planned and unplanned peaks without additional hardware investment and configuration on the part of our customers. As a result, we are able to provide an on demand solution to address our customers’ capacity needs in the face of unpredictable traffic spikes, which helps them avoid expensive over-investment in a centralized Internet-facing infrastructure.
      Security. Security may be the most significant challenge facing use of the Internet for business and government processes today. That’s because security threats — in the form of attacks, viruses, worms and intrusions — can impact every measure of performance, including speed, reliability, customer confidence and information security. Unlike traditional security strategies that can impact performance negatively, Akamai’s EdgePlatform is designed to allow for proactive monitoring and rapid response to security incidents and anomalies. We rely on both built-in defense mechanisms and the ability to route traffic around potential security issues so performance is not compromised.

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The Akamai EdgePlatform
      The EdgePlatform is the foundation of Akamai’s business solutions. We believe Akamai has deployed the world’s largest globally distributed computing platform, with more than 15,000 servers in 69 countries. To make this wide-reaching deployment effective, the EdgePlatform includes specialized technologies, such as advanced routing, load balancing, data collection and monitoring. Through a combination of architecture and services, Akamai’s EdgePlatform helps our customers implement their Web strategy quickly, without adding equipment, cost, or complexity to their existing information technology, or IT, infrastructure.
      The key to the EdgePlatform’s effectiveness is its use of a distributed computing model in which both content and computing applications are delivered across a system of widely distributed networks of servers, and processed at the most efficient places within the network. To implement this model, our servers are deployed in more than 950 networks including large, backbone network providers, medium and small ISPs, cable modem and satellite providers, universities and other networks. We also deploy our servers at smaller and medium-sized domestic and international ISPs through our Akamai Accelerated Network Program. Under this program, we offer use of our servers to ISPs. In exchange, we typically do not pay for rack space to house our servers or bandwidth to deliver content from our servers to Internet users. By hosting our servers, ISPs gain access to popular content from the Internet that is served from our platform. As a result, when this content is requested by a user, the ISP does not need to pay for the bandwidth otherwise necessary to retrieve the content from the originating website. We also have more than 500 peering relationships that provide us with direct paths to end user networks, lowering latency and packet loss, while also giving us more options for delivery during network congestion or failures.
      Our EdgePlatform components for content and application delivery are designed so that sites download and run more quickly, withstand security threats and reliably process applications and deliver content to anywhere in the world. Our intelligent routing software is designed to ensure that website visitors experience fast page loading and content assembly wherever they are on the Internet, regardless of global or local traffic conditions. Customers are also able to control the extent of their use of Akamai services to scale on demand, using as much or as little capacity of the global platform as is required, to support widely varying traffic and rapid e-business growth without expensive and complex infrastructure build-out.
Our Solutions
      With the EdgePlatform as our backbone, we offer services and solutions for content and application delivery, application performance services, on demand managed services and business performance management services.
Content and Application Delivery Services
      Akamai’s EdgeSuite service and related content delivery offerings have represented the core of our business since our founding. Leveraging the EdgePlatform, our EdgeSuite service is designed to enable enterprises to improve the end-user experience, boost reliability and scalability and reduce the cost of their Internet-related infrastructure. By providing the benefits of distributed performance to an enterprise’s entire website and all aspects of its applications we are able to provide our customers with a more efficient way to implement and maintain a global Internet presence. While site owners maintain a control copy of their applications and content, EdgeSuite provides global delivery, load balancing and storage of these applications and content, enabling businesses to focus valuable resources on strategic matters, rather than technical infrastructure issues.
      Customers of our EdgeSuite service also have access to advanced service features, such as:
  •  Secure Content Distribution — distribution of secure Internet-related content using Secure Sockets Layer transport, a protocol to secure transmittal of content over the Internet, to ensure that content is distributed privately and reliably between two communicating applications.
 
  •  Site Failover — delivery of default content in the event that the primary, or source, version of the website of an enterprise customer becomes unavailable.

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  •  Site Mirroring — an economical way to mirror a website without the expense of investing in additional data centers to achieve redundancy.
 
  •  Disaster Recovery — a backup web presence if an unforeseen event causes a website to crash.
 
  •  Site Maintenance — fail-over service so that a website remains available to end users during updates and maintenance.
 
  •  Net Storage — an efficient solution for digital storage needs for all content types.
 
  •  Global Traffic Management — a solution that allows enterprises with geographically distributed Internet protocol infrastructures to improve the availability, responsiveness and reliability of a multi-location website.
 
  •  Content Targeting — a feature that enables content providers to deliver localized content, customized store-fronts, targeted advertising and adaptive marketing.
 
  •  Streaming Services — delivery of streaming audio and video content to Internet users.
Application Performance Services
      Application performance services improve the performance of highly dynamic content common on corporate extranets and wide area networks. Traditionally, this market has been addressed primarily by hardware and software products. We believe our approach offers a more cost-effective and comprehensive solution in this area without customers having to make significant infrastructure investments.
      One example of an Akamai application performance service is our Web Application Accelerator service. A customer might use this service to improve the operation of an online reservations application. By tying such an application to the Akamai EdgePlatform, a customer can enjoy high levels of performance through connection and route optimization techniques that dynamically avoid problem spots on the Internet.
      In addition, our FirstPoint solution is designed to provide application performance improvement for companies with mirrored websites that require traffic management for multiple application servers and databases. With the FirstPoint service, enterprises and organizations with a geographically distributed Web infrastructure can take advantage of real-time Internet performance information to distribute incoming requests to an optimal website.
On Demand Managed Services
      Akamai’s on demand managed services, including Akamai EdgeComputing and net storage offerings, enable enterprises to dramatically reduce the need for an internal infrastructure to handle unpredictable levels of Internet traffic. With access to the EdgePlatform, customers are able to rapidly launch and deploy new applications worldwide, with on demand availability and scalability but on a cost-effective basis. For example, Akamai On Demand Events provides an on demand platform for running promotional websites — through Macromedia Flash® promotions, site search, sweepstakes, polls, regional offers or other innovative applications that create a positive brand experience.
      Akamai’s EdgeComputing service enables enterprises to deliver Java (J2EE) Web applications that scale on demand and perform faster and more reliably worldwide than if relying on their internal IT infrastructures. At the same time, this reduces the demands on their own IT infrastructures and simplifies their support requirements. By enabling Internet-based applications that improve promotion and sales, customer service, and vendor and partner management, our customers are better positioned to compete more effectively and reduce business costs.
      Our Akamai EdgeComputing Powered by IBM WebSphere® solution enables enterprises to deploy Java-based software applications over the Akamai network on a “pay-as-you-go” basis. Our customers can extend applications built on IBM’s WebSphere Internet infrastructure software to Akamai’s distributed network of servers to handle everyday Web application traffic and spikes in demand. Through Akamai’s EdgeComputing services, specific application functions, such as creating and viewing a personalized portal that provides access

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to information for customers or suppliers, can now be securely “pushed” to the edge of our network and executed closer to the user.
Business Performance Management Services
      Akamai’s offerings in this area include our network data feeds and our Web analytics offering, which provide customers with real time data about the performance of their content and applications over the Internet and on the Edge Platform. In addition, our business performance management services let business managers better understand their Web operations through relevant, timely information with tools that measure all aspects of an application’s performance. For example, a customer could use website data feeds from Akamai’s customer portal to assist in managing costs and budget. The core of these offerings lies in our EdgeControlsm tools, which provide comprehensive reporting and management capabilities.
      EdgeControl tools can be integrated with existing enterprise management systems, allowing our customers to manage their distributed content and applications via a common interface. EdgeControl also provides integration with third party network management tools, including those offered by IBM, Hewlett-Packard and BMC Software. Having created one of the industry’s first examples of a commercially proven utility computing platform, Akamai now provides a global network of servers that can be utilized by a customer on demand, allowing our customers to manage usage, troubleshooting, monitoring and reporting, based on their individual business requirements.
Akamai Industry Solutions
      Akamai’s industry solutions leverage capabilities from all of our services offerings, but in a way that is specific to a particular industry:
      Akamai Online Commerce is a secure, on demand business solution that helps retailers more efficiently conduct e-business transactions by meeting peak performance demands, thereby delivering a positive customer experience and facilitating transaction completion while reducing infrastructure build-out costs.
      Akamai Media Delivery is designed to provide a solution to the challenges of media delivery by helping media industry clients to bypass traditional server and bandwidth limitations to better handle peak traffic conditions and large file sizes. This suite of services is particularly attractive for dynamic, scalable delivery of music, movies and games.
      Akamai Electronic Software Delivery is a solution designed to leverage the EdgePlatform to provide capacity for the largest surges in traffic related to new software launches with a goal of improved customer experiences, increased use of electronic delivery and successful product launches, all at lower costs than would be possible through self-provisioning.
Custom Solutions
      In addition to our core commercial services, we are able to leverage the expertise of our technology, networks and support personnel to provide custom solutions to both commercial and government customers. These solutions include replicating our core technologies to facilitate content delivery behind the firewall, combinations of our technology with that of other providers to create unique solutions for specific customers and support for mission critical applications that rely on the Internet and intranets. Additionally, numerous federal government agencies look to Akamai for information about traffic conditions and activity on the Internet and tailored solutions to their content delivery needs.
Business Segments and Geographic Information
      We operate in one business segment: providing services for accelerating delivery of content and business processes over the Internet. For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, approximately 19% and 16%, respectively, of revenue was derived from our operations outside the United States, of which 14% and 13% of overall revenues, respectively, was derived from Europe. For the year ended December 31, 2002, approximately 13% of revenue was derived from our operations outside the United States, of which 10% of overall

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revenues was derived from Europe. No single country outside of the United States accounted for 10% or more of our revenue. Revenue from services accounted for 98%, 98% and 89% of our total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. For more segment and geographic information, including revenues from customers, see our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K, including Note 19 thereto.
Customers
      Our customer base is centered on enterprises. As of December 31, 2004, our customers included many of the world’s leading corporations, including Airbus, Apple Computer, Inc., Best Buy.com, Inc. FedEx Corporation, L’Oreal, Microsoft Corporation, MTV Networks, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications and Victoria’s Secret. We also actively sell to government agencies. As of December 31, 2004, our public sector customers included U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Department of Labor, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Army Recruitment, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Earthquake Hazards Program and the Voice of America. For the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, Microsoft Corporation accounted for 10% and 15% of total revenue, respectively. No customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2002.
Sales, Service and Marketing
      Our sales and service professionals are located in nine offices in the United States with additional locations in Europe and Asia. We market and sell our services and solutions domestically and internationally through our direct sales and services organization and through more than 40 active resellers including Electronic Data Systems Corporation, IBM, InterNap Network Services Corporation, MCI and Telefonica Group. In addition to entering into agreements with reseller partners, we have several other types of sales- and marketing-focused alliances, with entities such as system integrators, application service providers, sales agents and referral partners. By aligning with these companies, we are better able to market our services and encourage increased adoption of our technology throughout the industry.
      Our sales and service organization includes employees in direct and channel sales, professional services, account management and technical consulting. As of December 31, 2004, we had approximately 265 employees in our sales and support organization, including 86 direct sales representatives whose performance is measured on the basis of achievement of quota objectives. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth in the future will depend in large part on whether we successfully recruit, train and retain sufficient direct sales, technical and global services personnel, and how well we establish and maintain relationships with our strategic partners. We believe that the complexity of our services will continue to require a number of highly trained global sales and services personnel.
      To support our sales efforts and promote the Akamai brand, we conduct comprehensive marketing programs. Our marketing strategies include an active public relations campaign, print advertisements, on-line advertisements, trade shows, strategic partnerships and on-going customer communication programs. As of December 31, 2004, we had 29 employees in our global marketing organization.
Research and Development
      Our research and development organization is continuously enhancing and improving our existing services, strengthening our network and creating new services in response to our customers’ needs and market demand. As of December 31, 2004, we had approximately 164 employees in our research and development organization, many of whom hold advanced degrees in their field. Our research and development expenses were $12.1 million, $13.0 million and $21.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. In addition, for each of the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, we capitalized $7.5 million, net of impairments, of external consulting and payroll and payroll-related costs related to the development of internal-use software used to deliver our services and operate our network. For the year ended December 31, 2002, $6.0 million was capitalized.

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Competition
      The market for our services remains relatively new, intensely competitive and characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and frequent new product and service installations. We expect competition for our services to increase both from existing competitors and new market entrants. We compete primarily on the basis of:
  •  performance of services and software;
 
  •  return on investment in terms of cost savings and new revenue opportunities for our customers;
 
  •  reduced infrastructure complexity;
 
  •  scalability;
 
  •  ease of implementation and use of service;
 
  •  customer support; and
 
  •  price.
      We compete primarily with companies offering products and services that address Internet performance problems, including companies that provide Internet content delivery and hosting services, streaming content delivery services and equipment-based solutions to Internet performance problems, such as load balancers and server switches. Some of these companies resell our services. We also compete with companies that host online conferences using proprietary conferencing applications. Finally, potential customers may decide to purchase or develop their own hardware, software and other technology solutions rather than rely on an external provider like Akamai.
Proprietary Rights and Licensing
      Our success and ability to compete are dependent on our ability to develop and maintain the proprietary aspects of our technology and operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright laws and contractual restrictions to protect the proprietary aspects of our technology. We currently have numerous issued United States patents covering our content delivery technology, and we have numerous additional patent applications pending. Our issued patents extend to various dates between approximately 2015 and 2020. In October 1998, we entered into a license agreement with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, under which we were granted a royalty-free, worldwide right to use and sublicense the intellectual property rights of MIT under various patent applications and copyrights relating to Internet content delivery technology. Two of these patent applications have now been issued. These patents will expire in 2018. We seek to limit disclosure of our intellectual property by requiring employees and consultants with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements with us and by restricting access to our source code.
Employees
      As of December 31, 2004, we had a total of 605 full-time and part-time employees. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified technical and management personnel for whom competition is intense. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining unit. We believe our relations with our employees are good.
Factors Affecting Future Operating Results
      The following are certain of the important factors that could cause our actual operating results to differ materially from those indicated or suggested by forward-looking statements made in this annual report on Form 10-K or presented elsewhere by management from time to time.

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The markets in which we operate are highly competitive, and we may be unable to compete successfully against new entrants and established companies with greater resources.
      We compete in markets that are new, intensely competitive, highly fragmented and rapidly changing. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience increased competition. Many of our current competitors, as well as a number of our potential competitors, have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, broader customer relationships and industry alliances and substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. Other competitors may attract customers by offering services that may be perceived as less sophisticated versions of our services at lower prices than those we charge. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. Some of our current or potential competitors may bundle their services with other services, software or hardware in a manner that may discourage website owners from purchasing any service we offer or Internet service providers from installing our servers. In addition, potential customers may decide to purchase or develop their own hardware, software and other technology solutions rather than rely on an external provider like Akamai. Increased competition could result in price and revenue reductions, loss of customers and loss of market share, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If the prices we charge for our services decline over time, our business and financial results are likely to suffer.
      Prices we have been charging for some of our services have declined in recent years. We expect that this decline may continue in the future as a result of, among other things, existing and new competition in the markets we serve. Consequently, our historical revenue rates may not be indicative of future revenues based on comparable traffic volumes. If we are unable to sell our services at acceptable prices relative to our costs or if we are unsuccessful with our strategy of selling additional services and features to our existing EdgeSuite delivery customers, our revenues and gross margins will decrease, and our business and financial results will suffer.
Failure to increase our revenues and keep our expenses consistent with revenues could prevent us from maintaining profitability.
      The year ended December 31, 2004 was the first fiscal year during which we achieved profitability as measured in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We have large fixed expenses, and we expect to continue to incur significant bandwidth, sales and marketing, product development, administrative, interest and other expenses. Therefore, we will need to generate higher revenues to maintain profitability. There are numerous factors that could, alone or in combination with other factors, impede our ability to increase revenues and/or moderate expenses, including:
  •  failure to increase sales of our EdgeSuite and EdgeComputing services;
 
  •  significant increases in bandwidth costs or other operating expenses;
 
  •  inability to maintain our prices;
 
  •  failure to expand the market acceptance for our services due to continuing concerns about commercial use of the Internet, including security, reliability, speed, cost, ease of access, quality of service and regulatory initiatives;
 
  •  any failure of our current and planned services and software to operate as expected;
 
  •  a failure by us to respond rapidly to technological changes in our industry that could cause our services to become obsolete;
 
  •  unauthorized use or access to content delivered over our network or network failures;
 
  •  continued adverse economic conditions worldwide that have contributed to slowdowns in capital expenditures by businesses, particularly capital spending in the information technology market;

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  •  failure of a significant number of customers to pay our fees on a timely basis or at all or failure to continue to purchase our services in accordance with their contractual commitments; and
 
  •  inability to attract high-quality customers to purchase and implement our current and planned services and software.
If we are unable to develop new services and enhancements to existing services, and if we fail to predict and respond to emerging technological trends and customers’ changing needs, our operating results may suffer.
      The market for our services is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and new product and service introductions. Our operating results depend on our ability to develop and introduce new services into existing and emerging markets. The process of developing new technology is complex and uncertain, and if we fail to accurately predict customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends, our business could be harmed. We must commit significant resources to developing new services or enhancements to our existing services before knowing whether our investments will result in services the market will accept. In addition, in an effort to control expenses, our spending on research and development decreased over the past three years. Furthermore, we may not execute successfully our technology initiatives because of errors in planning or timing, technical hurdles that we fail to overcome in a timely fashion, or a lack of appropriate resources. Failures in execution or market acceptance of new services we introduce could result in competitors providing those solutions before we do and loss of market share, revenues and earnings.
Our substantial leverage may impair our ability to maintain and grow operations, and any failure to meet our repayment obligations would damage our business.
      We have long-term debt. As of December 31, 2004, our total long-term debt was approximately $256.6 million, of which $56.6 million is due on June 30, 2007, and our stockholders’ deficit was approximately $125.9 million. Our level of indebtedness could adversely affect our future operations by increasing our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic and industry conditions and by limiting or prohibiting our ability to obtain additional financing for future capital expenditures, acquisitions and general corporate and other purposes. In addition, if we are unable to make interest or principal payments when due, we would be in default under the terms of our loans, which would result in all principal and interest becoming due and payable which, in turn, would seriously harm our business.
Any unplanned interruption in our network or services could lead to significant costs and disruptions that could reduce our revenues and harm our business, financial results and reputation.
      Our business is dependent on providing our customers with fast, efficient and reliable distribution of application and content delivery services over the Internet. For our core services, we currently provide a standard guarantee that our networks will deliver Internet content 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. If we do not meet this standard, our customer does not pay for all or a part of its services on that day. Our network or services could be disrupted by numerous events, including natural disasters, failure or refusal of our third-party network providers to provide the necessary capacity, power losses, and intentional disruptions of our services, such as disruptions caused by software viruses or attacks by unauthorized users. For example, approximately four percent of our customers experienced a brief delay in delivery of services on June 15, 2004 as a result of a denial of service resulting from an attack by hackers on our network. We believe this attack targeted several well-known websites that are customers of Akamai. Although we have taken steps to enhance our ability to prevent the recurrence of such an incident, there can be no assurance that similar attacks will not be attempted in the future, that our enhanced security measures will be effective or that a successful attack would not be more damaging. Any widespread loss or interruption of our network or services would reduce our revenues and could harm our business, financial results and reputation.

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We may have insufficient transmission capacity, which could result in interruptions in our services and loss of revenues.
      Our operations are dependent in part upon transmission capacity provided by third-party telecommunications network providers. We believe that we have access to adequate capacity to provide our services; however, there can be no assurance that we are adequately prepared for unexpected increases in bandwidth demands by our customers. In addition, the bandwidth we have contracted to purchase may become unavailable for a variety of reasons. For example, a number of these network providers are operating under the protection of the federal bankruptcy laws. As a result, there is uncertainty about whether such providers, or others that enter into bankruptcy, will be able to continue to provide services to us. Any failure of these network providers to provide the capacity we require, due to financial or other reasons, may result in a reduction in, or interruption of, service to our customers. If we do not have access to third-party transmission capacity, we could lose customers. If we are unable to obtain transmission capacity on terms commercially acceptable to us or at all, our business and financial results could suffer. In addition, our telecommunications and network providers typically provide rack space for our servers. Damage or destruction of, or other denial of access to, a facility where our servers are housed could result in a reduction in, or interruption of, service to our customers.
Because our services are complex and are deployed in complex environments, they may have errors or defects that could seriously harm our business.
      Our services are highly complex and are designed to be deployed in and across numerous large and complex networks. From time to time, we have needed to correct errors and defects in our software. In the future, there may be additional errors and defects in our software that may adversely affect our services. We may not have in place adequate quality assurance procedures to ensure that we detect errors in our software in a timely manner. If we are unable to efficiently fix errors or other problems that may be identified, or if there are unidentified errors that allow persons to improperly access our services, we could experience loss of revenues and market share, damage to our reputation, increased expenses and legal actions by our customers.
Our proposed acquisition of Speedera Networks, Inc. may fail to close or there could be substantial delays before the merger is completed.
      On March 16, 2005, we entered into an agreement and plan of merger providing for our acquisition of Speedera, Networks, Inc., or Speedera, in exchange for the issuance of approximately 12 million shares of our common stock. Closing of the merger is subject to regulatory approval, as well as the approval of Speedera’s stockholders. The process of obtaining such approval could be expensive and time-consuming. If we are unable to obtain, or are significantly delayed in obtaining, such approvals or are otherwise unable to complete the merger, we would have devoted substantial resources and management attention without any accompanying benefit. In such an event, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
As part of our business strategy, we have entered into and may enter into or seek to enter into business combinations and acquisitions that may be difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value or divert management attention.
      We have made acquisitions of other companies in the past and may enter into business combinations and acquisitions in addition to the proposed Speedera acquisition in the future. Acquisitions are typically accompanied by a number of risks, including the difficulty of integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired companies, the potential disruption of our ongoing business, the potential distraction of management, expenses related to the acquisition and potential unknown liabilities associated with acquired businesses. We face all of these risks in connection with the proposed Speedera acquisition. If we are not successful in completing acquisitions that we may pursue in the future, we may be required to reevaluate our business strategy, and we may incur substantial expenses and devote significant management time and resources without a productive result. In addition, with future acquisitions, we could use substantial portions of our available cash or, as in the proposed Speedera merger transaction, make dilutive issuances of securities. Future acquisitions or attempted acquisitions could also have an adverse effect on our ability to remain profitable.

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If the estimates we make, and the assumptions on which we rely, in preparing our financial statements prove inaccurate, our actual results may be adversely affected.
      Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments about, among other things, taxes, revenue recognition, capitalization of internal-use software, contingent obligations, doubtful accounts and restructuring charges, among other things. These estimates and judgments affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, the amounts of charges accrued by us, such as those made in connection with our restructuring charges, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. If our estimates or the assumptions underlying them are not correct, we may need to accrue additional charges that could adversely affect our results of operations, which in turn could adversely affect our stock price.
If our license agreement with MIT terminates, our business could be adversely affected.
      We have licensed technology from MIT covered by various patents, patent applications and copyrights relating to Internet content delivery technology. Some of our core technology is based in part on the technology covered by these patents, patent applications and copyrights. Our license is effective for the life of the patents and patent applications; however, under limited circumstances, such as a cessation of our operations due to our insolvency or our material breach of the terms of the license agreement, MIT has the right to terminate our license. A termination of our license agreement with MIT could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We have incurred and could continue to incur substantial costs defending our intellectual property from infringement claims.
      Other companies or individuals, including our competitors, may obtain patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our services. Companies providing Internet-related products and services are increasingly bringing suits alleging infringement of their proprietary rights, particularly patent rights. We have been named as a defendant in several lawsuits alleging that we have violated other companies’ intellectual property rights. Any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and require us to do one or more of the following:
  •  cease selling, incorporating or using products or services that incorporate the challenged intellectual property;
 
  •  pay substantial damages;
 
  •  obtain a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right, which license may not be available on reasonable terms or at all; and
 
  •  redesign products or services.
      If we are forced to take any of these actions, our business may be seriously harmed. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to obtain a license to the infringed technology, our business and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
Our business will be adversely affected if we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights from third-party challenges.
      We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We have brought numerous lawsuits against entities that we believe are infringing on our intellectual property rights. These legal protections afford only limited protection. Monitoring unauthorized use of our services is difficult and we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States. Although we have licensed from other parties proprietary technology covered by patents, we cannot be certain that any such patents will not be

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challenged, invalidated or circumvented. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that any pending or future patent applications will be granted, that any future patent will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that rights granted under any patent that may be issued will provide competitive advantages to us.
If we are unable to retain our key employees and hire qualified sales and technical personnel, our ability to compete could be harmed.
      Our future success depends upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key technology, sales, marketing and support personnel who have critical industry experience and relationships that they rely on in implementing our business plan. None of our officers or key employees is bound by an employment agreement for any specific term. We have a “key person” life insurance policy covering only the life of F. Thomson Leighton, our Chief Scientist and a member of our Board of Directors. The loss of the services of any of our key employees could delay the development and introduction of and negatively impact our ability to sell our services.
We face risks associated with international operations that could harm our business.
      We have operations in several foreign countries and may continue to expand our sales and support organizations internationally. Such expansion could require us to make significant expenditures. We are increasingly subject to a number of risks associated with international business activities that may increase our costs, lengthen our sales cycle and require significant management attention. These risks include:
  •  lack of market acceptance of our software and services abroad;
 
  •  increased expenses associated with marketing services in foreign countries;
 
  •  general economic conditions in international markets;
 
  •  currency exchange rate fluctuations;
 
  •  unexpected changes in regulatory requirements resulting in unanticipated costs and delays;
 
  •  interpretations of laws or regulations that would subject us to regulatory supervision or, in the alternative, require us to exit a country which could have a negative impact on the quality of our services or our results of operations;
 
  •  tariffs, export controls and other trade barriers;
 
  •  longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable; and
 
  •  potentially adverse tax consequences.
If we are required to seek additional funding, such funding may not be available on acceptable terms or at all.
      If our revenues decrease or grow more slowly than we anticipate or if our operating expenses increase more than we expect or cannot be reduced in the event of lower revenues, we may need to obtain funding from outside sources. If we are unable to obtain this funding, our business would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, even if we were to find outside funding sources, we might be required to issue securities with greater rights than the securities we have outstanding today. We might also be required to take other actions that could lessen the value of our common stock, including borrowing money on terms that are not favorable to us, if at all.
Internet-related and other laws could adversely affect our business.
      Laws and regulations that apply to communications and commerce over the Internet are becoming more prevalent. In particular, the growth and development of the market for online commerce has prompted calls for more stringent tax, consumer protection and privacy laws, both in the United States and abroad, that may impose additional burdens on companies conducting business online. This could negatively affect the businesses of our customers and reduce their demand for our services. Tax laws that might apply to our

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servers, which are located in many different jurisdictions, could require us to pay additional taxes that would adversely affect our continued profitability. Internet-related laws, however, remain largely unsettled, even in areas where there has been some legislative action. The adoption or modification of laws or regulations relating to the Internet or our operations, or interpretations of existing law, could adversely affect our business.
Provisions of our charter documents, our stockholder rights plan and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could prevent a change in control even if the change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.
      Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, by-laws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. In addition, our Board of Directors has adopted a shareholder rights plan the provisions of which could make it more difficult for a potential acquirer of Akamai to consummate an acquisition transaction without the approval of our Board of Directors.
A class action lawsuit has been filed against us that may be costly to defend and the outcome of which is uncertain and may harm our business.
      We are named as a defendant in a purported class action lawsuit filed in 2001 alleging that the underwriters of our initial public offering received undisclosed compensation in connection with our initial public offering of common stock in violation of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which we refer to as the Exchange Act. Any conclusion of these matters in a manner adverse to us could have a material adverse affect on our financial position and results of operations.
We may become involved in other litigation that may adversely affect us.
      In the ordinary course of business, we may become involved in litigation, administrative proceedings and governmental proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that the results of any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Item 2. Properties
      Our headquarters are located in approximately 89,000 square feet of leased office space in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Our primary west coast office is located in approximately 25,000 square feet of leased office space in San Mateo, California. We maintain offices in several other locations in the United States, including in or near each of Los Angeles, California; Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; New York, New York; Dallas, Texas; Reston, Virginia and Seattle, Washington. We also maintain offices in Europe and Asia in or near the following cities: Munich, Germany; Paris, France; London, England; Tokyo, Japan; Singapore; Madrid, Spain; and Sydney, Australia. All of our facilities are leased. We believe our facilities are sufficient to meet our needs for the foreseeable future and, if needed, additional space will be available at a reasonable cost.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
      We are subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not expect the ultimate costs to resolve these matters to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
      Between July 2, 2001 and November 7, 2001, purported class action lawsuits seeking monetary damages were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against us as well as against the underwriters of our October 28, 1999 initial public offering of common stock. The complaints were filed allegedly on behalf of persons who purchased our common stock during different time periods, all beginning on October 28, 1999 and ending on various dates. The complaints are similar and allege violations of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Exchange Act primarily based on the allegation that the underwriters received undisclosed compensation in connection with our initial public offering. On April 19, 2002, a single

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consolidated amended complaint was filed, reiterating in one pleading the allegations contained in the previously filed separate actions. The consolidated amended complaint defines the alleged class period as October 28, 1999 through December 6, 2000. A Special Litigation Committee of Akamai’s Board of Directors authorized management to negotiate a settlement of the pending claims substantially consistent with a Memorandum of Understanding that was negotiated among class plaintiffs, all issuer defendants and their insurers. The parties negotiated a settlement which is subject to approval by the Court. On February 15, 2005, the Court issued an Opinion and Order preliminarily approving the settlement, provided that the defendants and plaintiffs agree to a modification narrowing the scope of the bar order set forth in the original settlement agreement. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims made in the complaint and, if the settlement is not finalized and approved, we intend to contest the lawsuit vigorously. An adverse resolution of the action could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations in the period in which the lawsuit is resolved. We are not presently able to estimate potential losses, if any, related to this lawsuit.
      In February 2002, we filed suit against Speedera Networks, Inc., or Speedera, in federal court in Massachusetts, alleging patent infringement and false advertising by Speedera. In April 2003, we amended our complaint to include an allegation that Speedera infringes a newly-issued content delivery patent held by MIT and licensed to Akamai. In response, Speedera filed a counterclaim in this case alleging that Akamai has infringed a Speedera patent relating to the combined provision of traffic management and content delivery services. In June 2004, Speedera amended its counterclaim to include a second patent covering a similar service it offers. We are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to this counterclaim. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims made in the counterclaim and intend to contest them vigorously; however, there can be no assurance that we will be successful. We are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to this counterclaim.
      In June 2002, we filed suit against Speedera in California Superior Court alleging theft of Akamai trade secrets from an independent company that provides website performance testing services. In connection with this suit, in September 2002, the Court issued a preliminary injunction to restrain Speedera from continuing to access our confidential information from the independent company’s database and from using any data obtained from such access. In October 2002, Speedera filed a cross-claim against us seeking monetary damages and injunctive relief and alleging that we engaged in various unfair trade practices, made false and misleading statements and engaged in unfair competition. A trial date has been set for April 18, 2005. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims made in Speedera’s cross-claim and intend to contest the allegations vigorously; however, there can be no assurance that we will be successful. We are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to this cross-claim.
      In November 2002, we filed suit against Speedera in federal court in Massachusetts for infringement of a patent held by Akamai. In January 2003, Speedera filed a counterclaim in this case alleging that Akamai has infringed a patent held by Speedera. We believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims made in the counterclaim and intend to contest them vigorously; however, there can be no assurance that we will be successful. We are not presently able to reasonably estimate potential losses, if any, related to this counterclaim.
      On March 16, 2005, we entered into an agreement and plan of merger providing for our acquisition of Speedera. Under the terms of the agreement, all litigation between Akamai and Speedera was immediately stayed. Upon the closing of the merger, all such lawsuits would be dismissed.

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Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
      None.
PART II
Item 5. Market For Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
      Our common stock trades under the symbol “AKAM.” From the time that public trading of our common stock commenced on October 29, 1999 until September 3, 2002 and since May 5, 2003, our common stock was listed on The NASDAQ National Market. Our common stock was listed on The NASDAQ SmallCap Market between September 3, 2002 and May 2, 2003. Prior to October 29, 1999, there was no public market for our common stock. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale price per share of the common stock on The NASDAQ National Market and The NASDAQ SmallCap Market, as applicable:
                 
    High   Low
         
Year Ended December 31, 2003:
               
First Quarter
  $ 1.96     $ 1.18  
Second Quarter
  $ 5.93     $ 1.36  
Third Quarter
  $ 5.90     $ 3.22  
Fourth Quarter
  $ 14.20     $ 3.39  
Year Ended December 31, 2004:
               
First Quarter
  $ 16.97     $ 10.74  
Second Quarter
  $ 18.47     $ 11.65  
Third Quarter
  $ 17.95     $ 11.90  
Fourth Quarter
  $ 16.50     $ 11.15  
      As of March 5, 2005, there were 547 holders of record of our common stock.
      We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on shares of our common stock or other securities and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in the operation of our business.